Please note - Site address change!

Hello All - Please be aware that I have moved my site to a new one: switch2linux.wordpress.com This will be used from here on until I have set up my own personal one on my own linux server at home! So for up 2 date information please visit this new address!

thanks

Please Digg it if you like it!

If you find this blog helpful or interesting in any way - please digg it! its easy - just hit the below link and digg it!!

thanks!

Day 2 - What a shlep!

Well its day 2 now, been looking into those static IP address’s and have discovered that on the BT home package they do not allocate and cant allocate you an IP address without changing the package to a Business broadband account. I have had to move my Broadband from Option 3 on home to the Business option 2 in order to get the IP address’s.

What this now means is I have to pay £35 pounds a month including 5 Static IP address’s, will loose the 5gig online vault, will loose the free evening and weekend calls bundled into the wifi phone set on the home hub, and will receive new equipment as well. I was paying £22.99 /month for the previous package. I do gain the use of 5 static ip address’s though so at least I can set up my 2 machines on the web. Bit of a bummer, wish I new this earlier, so let it be a lesson for everyone - BT do not give static ip’s on the total broadband options. So if you are a Linux / server fanatic like myself, you may want to check with your ISP that you can get static IP’s or at least 1 from them on a home package.

One good website I came accross a while aggo, that will tell you what you can get on your line in your area as well as statistics on speeds on your exchange, distances etc and good for comparing ISP’s is: www.samknows.com

So They tell me that the line will switch over for Monday - with little downtime (30min) and that I should get the new router on friday (which I asked them to deliver to work) as they also require someone to sign for the package when they deliver it. So watch out for that too, got burnt the first time on delivery.  Will let you know more on how that goes next week!

I am back at last. Day1…

Well things have so busy in my life recently, I have had no chance to play catchup online.

I am back now and going to be using this spot for all my discoveries and thoughts I have found over the next few weeks. Firstly today I have decided to set up the Brother in Laws pc that is sitting in the back room doing nothing, into a dedicated Linux server. I would like to host this blog or something similar in-house here at home. The only problem I have come across is that My BT home landline and broadband is on a dynamic IP. I have set a dyndns account up to help with that, but you still will not get the right results via alexa and the google spiders when it comes to meta tags, keywords and content. When you use a dyndns account, bundled with a domain name that I have registered, you can only use web forwarding - this then does not allow you to view your sub folders and sub sites under your domain name - ie www.myhomepage.co.uk — you cannot see www.myhomepage.co.uk/links/mates.html for instance. So I need to have a chat with BT and find out if I can get a static IP address and set up a local DNS server on my Linux server, hosting my webserver and blogging site here at home. By having this at home - I can juice it up, no limitations and it is great for learning. So I will let you all know the outcome on this…. so watch this space.

Vmware stage 2: Install, Setup, Run

Right - Now that you have downloaded the tar.gz file (about 100meg i think) and have saved it into your home folder: we now need to extract the contents and then install. Extract the contents as follows (as a tar.gz is a compressed file):

Open a terminal under Applications, Accessories - Terminal: goto the folder of the tar.gz file ie: cd /home/yourname : to check that you are in the right places type: ls followed by return/enter and you should see the file Vmware-server……..tar.gz: if this is the case great: ready to extract it: Type at the prompt: tar -xvf VMware-server-1.0.1-29996.tar.gz this will now extract the contents to a folder under the same directory /home/yourname/vmwareserver for instance - type: ls to see the folder name and cd into it.

Before the start of installation I recommend going back to the website: Register the product here (free) and you will get the details of the key needed in the installation - yes a key is needed so please register to get the key: copy and paste the key at then of registration to a document so you have it hand and again copy it into memory : ctrl + c.

Now Flick back to the open terminal under the vmware server folder and type the following: sudo ./vmware-install.pl

Now its going to ask you where to put things - I have found Accept Everything as it states by hitting enter at each question - Unless you really know what you are doing - leave the installation as it is: The only Questions that must change are: 1- question asking you about networking - yes to the first then say no to the next 2 regarding NAT - Unless you are experienced in this say NO to those to and hit enter - You have to type in NO and hit enter to refuse its request.

Then it will continue to install more things and ask you to accept the agreement - so you have o hit enter untill you have viewed all of the agreement and then say YES at the end to accept it: Once you have reached the end of the installation you will need to enter the KEY that you got when you registered: you can either copy and then ctrl + shift + V it into the screen on terminal (paste) or just manually type it in:

It should now say installation Complete: you wll now be able to find it in you menu : Applications - System Tools - Vmware Server Console:

GREAT: Now that we have it all installed time to install a Virtual Machine - This is the time to get out your desired installation ie Windows Xp Professional cd and installation cd key ready: I will be setting up for Windows XP Pro.

Once the Screen is loaded you should see the following after selecting connect to local host:

Now we need to select create a new virtual machine:

the above wizard should begin:Click next to start:

At this point you accept it as a standard setup instead of custom - Unless you are familiar with Vmware.

Here you now select the type of operating system you wish to run on the server iteself - in my case Windows - Windows xp Pro. then click next:

Basically this part is straight forward - the name of the operating system at the top (leave as is) and the location it is going to store the actually (virtual) pc. Click next:

This is the network settings: Basically leaving it on brigded means that it will share your default network connection for traffic - normally the best setting to use. Unless you need more advanced funtions leave as is.

This is where you allocated Virtual Hard drive space: This will also take up your local drive space - so say you have got the Vmware pc stored in /home you will take up the ammount given here. Lets say you keep it at the default - 8gig - once you have installed windows on this virtual drive - you will have around 6gig free on the “Virtual HDD” so be sure you have given the amount of space you need to install other windows based application on this Virtual PC. When you have installed you cannot change this drive size so have a think of how much space you MAY need later to install windows programmes. Once you have decided enter the ammount. Below that you have an option to allocate space now: this will actually take up the space immediatly the size you chose - this is a good idea when you may later take up space downloading things from the internet and later when the Virtual pc starts getting bigger you may run out of local hard drive space and cause problems with the Virtual PC. Leaving it on stops this from happening as Linux believes you have filled up the space you chose already and will only allow you to use the remaining disc space for linux stuff. Below that you have an option to split the files into 2 gig files. This is handy if you want to move the virtual machine or backup the virtual machine and dont have enough disc space: Basically the whole system and everything in it is stored in a single file: Lets say you stuck with 8gig, then this file under your /home directory will be one single 8gig file, but if you choose to split into 2 gig files there will be 4 of them. You can then bacup say two of the 4 onto one dvd and the other 2 on another. It also helps when copying over a network to another pc: Yes you can move this Virtual pc anywhere and open it on any machine that has Vmare server on it and run it just like you did on your linux system, cool huh?

Now the space and pre-sets are setup - time to edit the Virtual pc - click edit on the left to bring up the setting of the pc.

Now here you can change a few things - Firstly to stop erorrs (of which I never had the time to figure out, so if you want to share the answer please do) disable the floppy drive funtion on the Virtual machine - for some reason on my machine it complains about it - but i never use the floppy drive anyway - So to do so: click on floppy drive and say remove below it. On the memory side of things you can allocate system memory to this Virtual Machine - So if you have loads of local memory say 1 gig - you can allocate 512meg to the Virtual machine - So when it runs it will use half of your local memory - but when you close it down or Suspend it, it will free this memory up for linux: You can move the slider to choose how much to allocate. The rest is straight forward, save and hit boot up Virtual machine.

It is now starting the Virtual Machine - cool huh - looks just like a real pc booting up, put in your windows xp cd into your cdrom and prepare to be amazed - it boots off the cd and starts the installation procedure inside the window. To make it Full screen, click the Full screen button on the top bar: Now to exit the fullscreen mode you need to press crtl and alt together. Once you have fully installed windows and ready to start installing applications - PLease note you need to install Vmware tools for drivers and extra functionallity - You do this when the Virtual machine is in Windows - press ctrl and alt to release the keyboard and mouse from the VM, click on the vm drop down menu at the top and select install vmware tools. It will now install extra drivers for the machines: It then allows you to freely mouse your mouse from the VM and Ubuntu without having to press ctrl and alt to get the mouse back = it also installs its VM display driver which will let you now - once in fullscreen mode adjust the resolution to something a little better than its default.

Now feel free to install all your microsoft application that you cannot do without on your new VM. Tools at the top menu bar include Power off (instantly kills the VM - not recommended unless good old windows hung) - Suspend (really cool function to suspend the VM in its current state) then hit - Power on / Resume to wake it up - it will then be exactly where you left it - nice!! no more reboots! As for the rest - not too sure, been too busy with other stuff than to play with them - have a look or read the manual - sure its there somewhere - but now you have the basic features of the VM and how to install - ENJOY!!

Vmware stage 1: Getting the info, Getting the files.

Ok - Hope you are all ready to go with Vmware Server. Awesome little product to run a virtual pc of Windows, Linux, pretty much any operating system within linux. So it is now it is handy for those who cannot let go of some of those windows applications.

Firstly, a brief explaination of Vmware: VMware Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of EMC Corporation, supplies much of the virtualization software available for x86-compatible computers, including VMware Workstation and the freeware VMware Server and VMware Player products. The company has its headquarters in Palo Alto, California, United States with an R&D Center established in Cambridge, MA in 2005. VMware software runs on Windows, Linux, and will soon debut on Mac OS X (thanks to Wikimepedia) for the techno Jargon.

Description

VMware Inc. refers to the computer and operating-system instance that executes the VMware Workstation process as the host machine, and identifies instances of operating systems running inside a virtual machine as guest virtual machines. Like an emulator, VMware Workstation provides a completely virtualized set of hardware to the guest operating system — for example, regardless of make and model of the physical network adapter, the guest machine will see an AMD PCnet network adapter. VMware virtualizes all devices within the virtual environment, including the video adapter, network adapter, and hard disk adapters. It also provides pass-through drivers for USB, serial, and parallel devices.

Once all guest virtual machines use the same hardware drivers (regardless of the actual hardware on the host computer), virtual machine instances become highly portable between computers. For example, an operator running a virtual machine can pause it, copy it to another physical computer, and unpause it to resume execution exactly where it left off. With VMotion, a new feature in VMware’s VirtualCenter, an administrator no longer even needs to pause virtual machines running on ESX servers while moving them — virtual machines can now continue running even while they migrate to different hosts — provided the source and target servers involved use the same processors and instruction-sets (again Thanks to Wikipedia) —saves the typing out!.

Now - Getting the required Pre-installation files and the install file for Vmware:

First - find out what Kernel Version your machine has, as we need to install the Kernel Header files for your machine as Vmware needs these to build the actual installation on your machine. As we are going to install the vmware manually, we need to get the files ourselves that are need prior to the install. We are NOT going to synaptic for Vmware nor Apt-get as this for some reason gives people major hastles. We will use synaptic to fetch the Kernel headers first and that will be all we will need from it.

ok - find out what kernel you are using: 2 ways: first reboot machine and when the selection screen comes up at boot for what we want to boot it should say something like ubuntu- 2.6.15-26-386 (take note of this number) this is the kernel version you are running. Second way is while in ubuntu - run a terminal and type: uname -a This will bring up the same number as above -or depending on how updated you machine is - may be different - dont stress if its not the same - but I do suggest updating to a new updated kernel if one is released to free up bugs.

Now that you have the kernel version - we need the header files for the system, easy!: open synaptic packaged manager (system, administration, synaptic) when it loads clicks search - type: kernel header - a list of files will appear and look for kernel headers with your kernel number next to it. (linux-headers-2.6.15-26-386) tick the box and apply to install them.

Now that this has been done we can fetch the install file from VMWARE (link to site) - Click Download then accept the license (dont worry its free to use) - At the next page - there is a list of files to download - goto the linux section and select the top file (tar.gz file) once selected donwload to your home folder so we know where it is. Keep it handy nex entry will be installation: -

Get Involved! = Please!

Hello Again all,

I am just posting this message for all the visitors to my blog. I am hoping that the information that has been posted thus far has helped you start off with Ubuntu Linux! As there is so much involved from here with linux - I am pretty much stuck as to the content you would like to see and the content that you have seen thus far. Please provide Feedback using the comments below the postings. I have set it that anyone can post - as long as I have accepted the comment (for security reasons), but will publish all the comments as they come through. What would you like to see coming up? How has your installation been thus far? Have you had any problems yet and need help? The more people that get involved and provide feedback the better! I can sit and rabble on about all sorts of applications and tips but not sure if you would want that specific content. I was next goint to let you in on VMware and how to run windows inside linux, for those who have applications that cannot let go of. It is quite simple and very handy. Please let me know if you would like to see how it works and how to install it. Any comment will be found usefull! Thanks

Searching and Adding More!

Ok - now that you have got your heads around manually fetching and installing updates, using the promt and editing the sources.list file and asking for actualy files that you know of, ie. sudo apt-get install wine - these are names of applications that you know are there in the repositories. Now what about general searching using the Synaptic package manager - very easy indeed here are a few examples. Firstly open up Synaptic Package manager under system - administration at the top.

Once open - search for audio and select it on the left - you should get a responce like such:

You would see a list of files / application on the right with regards to the word Audio. You can click on a product on the right to get some more information on the item. Once you have found the type of program or file you need, you just click on the box click to it and select “mark for installations”. Then by hitting the apply button at the top - the process of fetching and installing the file will begin. If the program has pre configured shortcuts you will find it wil stick em in the menu for you. Some applications you need to create your own links to or run them from the terminal.

Needed Extras!

Hello once again. Sorry its been a while, have been ill and not been able to update this site. Now I am feeling better and ready to roll again.

Now that you have all got the system up to date and have learnt how to edit and change repositories, we can now move on to fetching some valuable applications and software for your system. These are a few of the things we will be getting: Movie players, mp3 support, mpeg support, all video codecs that are needed for movie playback, adobe reader, skype to chat and a few others to name a few. So once again we need to have a quick look at the sources.list file to make sure the repositories are as follows prior to installing software (just so that APT can find the packages to install). Here is the sources.list file that should be needed (remember the previous post regarding changing the contents of this file).
deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper universe main restricted multiverse
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper universe

deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security universe

## WINE
deb http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main
deb-src http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main

#PLF Repositories
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free
This is what mine looks like (without the coments about each field to save space here online). Once this has been edited and saved - dont forget to run the command:- sudo apt-get update (this will refresh the list for new updates and files).

Now that this is done you can follow these steps to get your machine updated with some really nice software: Here goes:

Getting Flash player

# sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
# sudo /usr/sbin/update-flashplugin

Getting Adobe Reader

# sudo apt-get install acroread
# sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread
# sudo apt-get install acroread-plugins

Getting Java

# sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-fonts sun-java5-plugin
# sudo update-alternatives --set java /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/bin/java

Getting the Codec (for Video & Audio Playback)

# sudo apt-get install w32codecs
# sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-base
# sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-good
# sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly
# sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
# sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad
# sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse
# sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-pitfdll
# sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-gl
# sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
# sudo apt-get install vorbis-tools
# sudo apt-get install lame
# sudo apt-get install sox
# sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
# sudo apt-get install mjpegtools

DvD Playback

# sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
# sudo apt-get install libdvdplay0
# sudo apt-get install libdvdnav4
# sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
# sudo apt-get install totem-xine
# sudo apt-get install libxine-extracodecs
# sudo apt-get install totem-xine-firefox-plugin

CD & DVD Burning

# sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
# sudo apt-get install k3b
# sudo apt-get install k3b-i18n

Getting Wine (wine is a windows emulator, helps emulate windows applications)

# sudo apt-get install wine msttcorefonts

Skype

# sudo apt-get install skype

Getting Compilers and Manuals

# sudo apt-get install build-essential manpages-dev

These are all the first Major things you should install to have most things working perfectly in Ubuntu, once all is installed without any problems, run a reboot just to refreshyour system. You will see the packages are installed in the Applications menu at the top. The next topic will be discussing searching for applications and installing them.

Repositories not Suppositories!

Ok - now that we have update your Ubuntu System with its default update sources list - we can now add in the hidden extras. When you ran your initial update - the Synaptic Package manager connects to various website address and fetches updates for packages on your machine. There are other update sites that have not been included by default but can be later added. Here is how is all works, this is what you will see in your sources.list file (the list of update websites).

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse

## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final release
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse

## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free  

Dont worry if your sources.list file looks different to this above - some people have a slightly different one, what does matter is the end result. Let me give you a quick Idea as to what the above mean. There are hundreds of thousands of programs available to install on your Ubuntu System. These packages are stored in software archives -repositories- and are made freely available for installation over the Internet. This makes it very easy to install new programs in Linux, and it is also very secure, because each program you install is built specially for Ubuntu and checked before it is installed. To organise the software, Ubuntu repositories are categorised into four groups-: Main, Restricted, Universe, and Multiverse:

Main Component: is free software that can be freely redistributed and is fully supported by the Ubuntu Team. Included are the most popular and most reliable open source applications available, much of which is installed by default when you installed Ubuntu.

Restricted Component: is reserved for software that is very commonly used, and which is supported by the Ubuntu team even though it is not available under a completely free licence. Please note that it may not be possible to provide complete support for this software since they are unable to fix the software themselves, but can only forward problem reports to the actual authors.

Universe component: is a snapshot of the free, open source, and Linux world. In universe you can find almost every piece of open source software, and software available under a variety of less open licences, all built automatically from a variety of public sources. All of this software is compiled against the libraries and using the tools that form part of main, so it should install and work well with the software in main, but it comes with no guarantee of security fixes and support. The universe component includes thousands of pieces of software. Through universe, users are able to have the diversity and flexibility offered by the vast open source world on top of a stable Ubuntu core. (this is not installed by Default)

Multiverse component: contains software that is “not free”, which means the licensing requirements of this software do not meet the Ubuntu “main” Component Licence Policy.The onus is on you to verify your rights to use this software and comply with the licensing terms of the copyright holder.This software is not supported and usually cannot be fixed or updated. Use it at your own risk. (this is not insalled by Default as well)

Now that you have a brief understanding of the different type of “Component’s” there are under updates, now to get an understanding of a few more things. In the front of each line you have deb and deb-src. Basically deb is the actually install file for your system and deb-src is the source file for that package(source files are the original pieces of code). Getting the source code for a package allows you to manipulate the package to do what you want. Now isnt that cool?

The catagories are just as they appear (just so you know what is what), Bug fixes, Security updates etc.

Before I show you my list of Repositories I want to explain the “Free” item that pops up all over the place. There are many many different interpretations to it but the quickest and easiest explaination is that “Free software” can and sometimes is Tottally free as in monetary, as well as “Free” to change the source code and do with the package as you wish, with the restriction of making that changed code available to others. Most of Linux as a Default is freely downloadable and you are able to install on as many machines as you wish. You MAY NOT sell the free software! Open source is to be kept free to everyone out there.

Now a Glance at my sources.list file:

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the ‘universe’
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper universe main restricted multiverse
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper universe

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the ‘backports’
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security universe

## WINE
deb http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main
deb-src http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main

#PLF Repositories
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf dapper free non-free
As you can see, not too much different from the original - a few extras that I have picked up along the way. Soon you will have one like this, if not longer: Feel free to copy this and replace yours: just replace the gb part of the lines to your country code to find a closer location to get updates. i.e us - united states.

There are 2 ways of updating the repository sources.list file. The first way is to open the Menu System, Administration, Synaptic package manager( you will need to enter your password). When it opens select settings at the top and select Repositories. Select Add on the right hand side and choose what you want to add.

The second way and the best way is to manually edit the sources.list file and copy,paste or type in the repositories. This is how you do it. Open Menu Applications, Accesories and Terminal (this is like DOS in windows): you will have a shell / prompt to type in, type the following: sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list hit enter

This will open the main file sources.list in your GUI (Graphical User interface). I do recommend saving the file as a backup first before editing it. Call it sources.list_backup or something similar. Now that you have the list on screen you can copy and paste my list on this web over the top of yours and save as source.list. The reason why we use sudo is that the file is a system file and requires admin rights to edit. sudo (super user do)- you will need to put in your password here to allow access. This is a very secure way of protecting your system from harm, when you do many admin tasks you will need to add the sudo command to the front of it, enter your password and the command will run.

Once either of the 2 ways have been preformed, you will need to update the application to the new sources.list file. If you are using method 1 - you will need to click the reload button on the first screen of synaptic package manager (it will tell you this when you have changed settings) If you are using my second way, at the terminal prompt you type: sudo apt-get update hit return. You will see it fetching the update information to add to the package manger (apt). Once you see you are back to the prompt, you are done…….. Next session: How to add more software to your system using Synaptic Package Manager.